Enzymes: An introduction Enzymes are biological catalysts that help in speeding up a chemical reaction without altering itself. All the enzymes are protein in nature except some small groups of RNA molecules called ribozymes. They are produced by the living cells of plants and animals. All the enzymes are colloidal in nature that is they […]
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Introduction The following topic is about enantiomers vs diastereomers and their definition and structure with a simple basic difference. Enantiomers and diastereomers are both optically active except for geometrical isomers. Enantiomers are separated by chromatography and diastereomers are separated by fractional distillation or crystallization. What are enantiomers Definition Optical isomers which are non-superimposable mirror images
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Know in one minute about the Chemiosmotic hypothesis The chemiosmotic hypothesis explains the mechanism of ATP Synthesis by a proton gradient. Lumen has low pH due to high proton concentration. And the other side will have lower concentrations. Oxidative Phosphorylation and Chemiosmotic hypothesis both are the mechanism of ATP Synthesis. In oxidative phosphorylation for the
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Know in one minute about light-dependent reactions Light-dependent reactions produced ATP and NADP + H, in the presence of light. Take place on the grana of the chloroplast. In the membrane of thylakoid PS-I and PS-II is present. This photosystem is a light-harvesting complex, consisting of a reaction center. Light harvesting complexes contain chlorophyll and
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Know in one minute about Succinyl CoA Succinyl-CoA is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. It is formed by propionyl-CoA during the beta Oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase by decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate. It serves as a precursor in heme synthesis. It is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. Formed by propionyl
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Know in one minute about acidic amino acids Acidic amino acids have more than the number of negatively charged groups in comparison to positively charged groups. They are the units of protein, responsible for tissue damage, synthesis of biochemical compounds, and energy production. Classified into two groups on the basis of polarity: Non-polar and polar.
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Know in one minute about carbohydrate metabolism Carbohydrate metabolism is a process that degrades glucose into simpler compounds and produces energy. This energy is used in several biosynthesis processes. These are the following major pathway of glucose metabolism- Glycolysis TCA cycle or Krebs cycle Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis Pentose phosphate pathway Uronic acid pathway Introduction Carbohydrate
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Primary metabolites Primary metabolites like carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides, and proteins can be found in all plants. They are responsible for basic physiological functions. Are indispensable for the life of each plant. In short, the primary metabolites are the building blocks of the body of the plants. The following article is about primary metabolites and
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Know in one minute about the Regulation of Glycolysis Glycolysis is a control metabolic pathway. It is a sequenced reaction converting glucose to pyruvate or lactate. And regulation of glycolysis is required to balance the glucose level in cells. The three key enzymes are involved in glycolysis regulation. Hexokinase Phosphofructokinase Pyruvate kinase This process is
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Know in one minute about Succinate dehydrogenase Succinate dehydrogenase is a complex structure enzyme, found in the inner membrane of mitochondria. It is the only membrane-bound enzyme of the Krebs cycle. It is contained with FAD. Succinate dehydrogenase consists of four subunits. SDH ‘A’, SDH ‘B’, SDH ‘C’, and SDH ‘D’ are the four subunits
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